PANDEM Guidelines
The PANDA Guidelines are comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for critically ill infants and children, with specific attention to seven domains of care including pain, sedation/agitation, iatrogenic withdrawal, neuromuscular blockade, delirium, PICU environment, and early mobility.
Guidelines
- 2022 Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation, Neuromuscular Blockade, and Delirium in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients With Consideration of the ICU Environment and Early Mobility (Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2022)
- Clinical recommendations for pain, sedation, withdrawal and delirium assessment in critically ill infants and children: an ESPNIC position statement for healthcare professionals (Intensive Care Med. 2016)
Sedation and Agitation
- Impact of Oral Clonidine on Duration of Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use in Mechanically Ventilated Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (Iran J Pharm Res. 2019)
- A Retrospective Comparison of Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam for Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Requiring Postoperative Sedation (Pediatr Cardiol. 2015)
- Comparative study between dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for sedation during mechanical ventilation in post-operative paediatric cardiac surgical patients (Indian J Anaesth. 2012)
- Oral lorazepam can be substituted for intravenous midazolam when weaning paediatric intensive care patients off sedation (Acta Pædiatrica 2017)
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